Next Generation Regional Perspectives on the US-Australia Alliance in the Indo-Pacific
On 16-20 September 2024, the Perth USAsia Centre hosted a group of next generation academics from across the Indo-Pacific region.
The visit to Perth and Canberra showcased Australia’s role in the Indo-Pacific region and provided a unique lens through which to assess the Australia-United States strategic alliance.
The five representatives from Vietnam, South Korea, India, Indonesia and First Nations Australia have shared their reflections from the visit, which underscore both the strengths and the evolving challenges of this strategic relationship, how this partnership is perceived and its implications for regional stability.
The Bedrock of Indo-Pacific Stability
The Australia-US alliance is more than just a bilateral arrangement; it is a linchpin for security and stability across the Indo-Pacific. The participants reflected that strategic alignment between the two countries has never been stronger, driven by shared priorities such as countervailing China’s growing influence, Pacific Island engagement, and advancing joint defence initiatives under agreements like AUKUS. This unity is seen as essential to maintain regional security, and one that requires continuous investment in trust, transparency, and collaboration.
A Shift to Networked Partnerships
One of the most compelling observations was the United States’ shift from the traditional “hubs and spokes” alliance model to a more integrated “networked partnership” approach, with Australia serving as a crucial anchor. This evolution reflects the changing nature of security dynamics in the region, which demand more flexible and collaborative arrangements. However, balancing regional interests while maintaining sovereignty in decision-making poses a significant challenge. The push-and-pull of these dynamics underscores the need for nuanced policy decisions that reinforce regional resilience.
Economic Security and the China Factor
The visit also illuminated how Indo-Pacific nations, including Australia, are recalibrating their economic strategies to reduce reliance on China for critical resources. This shift is driven not only by security concerns but by the economic imperative of securing supply chains. Australia’s leadership, along with partners like India and Indonesia, is fostering efforts to diversify sources for critical minerals and rare earths. As one participant noted, South Korea aims to cut its dependence on Chinese mineral imports from 80% to 50% by 2030—an ambitious target that demonstrates a broader regional shift towards economic self-reliance.
Australia’s Regional Role Beyond the United States
While the alliance with the United States remains pivotal, Australia’s strategic positioning extends beyond this relationship. Discussions in Canberra underscored Australia’s role as a bridge to Southeast Asia, particularly in its relationship with Indonesia. This partnership presents significant and mutually beneficial opportunities in trade, education, and maritime security. It also shows that Australia’s commitment to the Indo-Pacific is not just anchored in Western alliances but also in fostering closer ties with its Asian neighbours.
Looking Ahead
The insights from this visit make clear that while the Australia-US alliance remains a cornerstone of regional strategy, its effectiveness depends on how it adapts to an evolving geopolitical landscape. For Australia and its regional partners, maintaining strong ties and a collaborative approach will be vital to navigating an uncertain future.
Ultimately, Australia’s strength lies not just in its alliances but in its ability to leverage these partnerships to build a resilient, inclusive Indo-Pacific. As the region looks to the future, this balance of strategic alignment, economic diversification, and deep regional engagement will determine the course of stability for years to come.